Ranjana Bakliwal vs Rakesh Tandan & 5 Ors

C. Viswanath, J

The present Revision Petition is filed by the Petitioner under Section 21(b) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 against order passed by the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Rajasthan (hereinafter referred to as the "State Commission") in Appeal No. 855/2017 and 841/2017 dated 24.11.2017.

The State Commission decided two appeals filed against the orders of the District Forum by a common order.The State Commission held that the case has been considered properly by the District Forum on merits.Both Appeals having no force and not deserving to be admitted, were dismissed by the State Commission.

Aggrieved by the order passed by the State Commission, the Petitioner filed the present Revision Petition before this Commission.The present Revision Petition has been filed with delay and an IA No. 7926/2019 is moved for condonation of delay of 526 days in filing the present Revision Petition.

We have heard the arguments on this I.A. and have perused the record.

In this application, Petitioner stated that Judgment and Order was passed by the State Commission on 24.11.2017 and copy thereof was applied by the Petitioner and was received in time.She states that the Petitioner is not an expert of law and therefore if there is any delay it deserves to be condoned.The Petitioner was under tension due to criminal proceedings against her and therefore, could not take decision regarding challenging the Judgment of the District Forum within time and also due to illness could not file the Revision Petition within time.The Petitioner being a lady and innocent in nature, was totally unaware of the legal complication of limitation act and therefore, the delay deserved to be condoned.If negligible delay in filing the Revision Petition is not condoned it will cause irreparable loos to the Petitioner.The delay is not malafide and is purely bonafide in nature.Condonation of delay is matter of discretion of the Hon'ble Commission.

As seen from the record, the order of the State Commission was passed on 24.11.2017 and date of delivery of the copy of the order is recorded as 30.11.2017.The date of filing the present Revision Petition is 10.05.2019.From the date of delivery of copy of the order, there is a delay of 526 days in filing the present Revision Petition and after deducting the prescribed period of 90 days for filing the Revision Petition, the delay comes to 436 days which is not negligible as stated by the Petitioner.The Petitioner cites that due to illness she could not file Revision Petition in time.No medical certificate or details of any treatment whatsoever have been furnished which would lend credibility to her contention.Tension due to criminal proceedings and innocence/ignorance of law cannot be valid grounds for delay.We find no sufficient cause to condone the inordinate delay of more than 1 year and 2 months in filing the present Revision Petition.

The Petitioner appears to have not acted diligently and remained inactive for fairly a long time.The Hon'ble Apex Court held that the settled legal proposition of law of limitation has to be applied with all its rigour when the statute so prescribes, though it may harshly affect a particular party.The Petitioner has not been able to give adequate and sufficient reason which prevented her to approach this Commission within the limitation.

It is a settled proposition of law that condonation of delay is not a matter of right and the applicant has to set out the case showing sufficient reasons for not being able to come to the Court / Commissions within the stipulated period of limitation. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of Ram Lal and Ors. Vs. Rewa Coalfields Limited, AIR 1962 Supreme Court 361 has held as under:

"It is, however, necessary to emphasise that even after sufficient cause has been shown a party is not entitled to the condonation of delay in question as a matter of right. The proof of a sufficient cause is a condition precedent for the exercise of the discretionary jurisdiction vested in the Court by Section 5. If sufficient cause is not proved nothing further has to be done; the application for condoning delay has to be dismissed on that ground alone. If sufficient cause is shown then the Court has to enquire whether in its discretion it should condone the delay. This aspect of the matter naturally introduces the consideration of all relevant facts and it is at this stage that diligence of the party or its bona fides may fall for consideration; but the scope of the enquiry while exercising the discretionary power after sufficient cause is shown would naturally be limited only to such facts as the Court may regard as relevant."

The burden is put upon the applicant to show sufficient causes for the delay. The expression 'sufficient cause' has been discussed and defined by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Basawaraj & Anr. Vs. The Spl. Land Acquisition Officer, 2013 AIR SCW 6510, as under:

"Sufficient cause is the cause for which defendant could not be blamed for his absence. The meaning of the word "sufficient" is "adequate" or "enough", inasmuch as may be necessary to answer the purpose intended. Therefore, the word "sufficient" embraces no more than that which provides a platitude, which when the act done suffices to accomplish the purpose intended in the facts and circumstances existing in a case, duly examined from the view point of a reasonable standard of a cautious man. In this context, "sufficient cause" means that the party should not have acted in a negligent manner or there was a want of bona fide on its part in view of the facts and circumstances of a case or it cannot be alleged that the party has "not acted diligently" or "remained inactive". However, the facts and circumstances of each case must afford sufficient ground to enable the Court concerned to exercise discretion for the reason that whenever he court exercises discretion, it has to be exercised judiciously. The applicant must satisfy the Court that he was prevented by any "sufficient cause" from prosecuting his case, and unless a satisfactory explanation is furnished, the Court should not allow the application for condonation of delay. The court has to examine whether the mistake is bona fide or was merely a device to cover an ulterior purpose. (See: Manindra Land and Building Corporation Ltd. V. Bhootnath Banerjee & Ors, AIR 1964 SC 1336; Lala Matadin V. A.Narayanan, AIR 1970 SC 1953; Parimal V. Veena alias Bharti AIR 2011 SC 1150 L2011 AIR SEW 1233); and Maniben Devraj Shah V. Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai, AIR 2012 SC 1629: (2012 AIR SCW 2412).

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It is a settle legal proposition that law of limitation may harshly affect a particular party but it has to be applied with all its rigour when the statute so prescribes. The Court has no power to extend the period of limitation on equitable grounds. "A result flowing from a statutory provision is never an evil. A Court has no power to ignore that provision to relieve what it considers a distress resulting from its operation." The statutory provision may cause hardship or inconvenience to a particular party but the Court has no choice but to enforce it giving full effect to the same. The legal maxim "dura lex sed lex" which means "the law is hard but it is the law", stands attracted in such a situation. It has consistently been held that, "inconvenience is not" a decisive factor to be considered while interpreting a statute.

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The law on the issue can be summarized to the effect that where a case has been presented in the court beyond limitation, the applicant has to explain the court as to what was the "sufficient cause" which means an adequate and enough reason which prevented him to approach the court within limitation. In case a party is found to be negligent, or for want of bona fide on his part in the facts and circumstances of the case, or found to have not acted diligently or remained inactive, there cannot be a justified ground to condone the delay. No court could be justified in condoning such an inordinate delay by imposing any condition whatsoever. The application is to be decided only within the parameters laid down by this court in regard to the condonation of delay. In case there was no sufficient cause to prevent a litigant to approach the court on time condoning the delay without any justification, putting any condition whatsoever, amounts to passing an order in violation of the statutory provisions and it tantamounts to showing utter disregard to the legislature".

The Hon'ble Supreme Court has clearly held that party who has not acted diligently or remain inactive is not entitled for condonation of delay. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of "R. B. Ramlingam vs. R. B. Bhavaneshwari, I (2009) CLT 188 (SC)"

"We hold that in each and every case the Court has to examine whether delay in filing the special appeal leave petitions stands properly explained. This is the basic test which needs to be applied. The true guide is whether the petitioner has acted with reasonable diligence in the prosecution of his appeal/petition."

Also in the case of "Anshul Aggarwal Vs. New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (2011) 14 SCC 578, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has warned the Commissions to keep in mind while dealing with such applications the special nature of the Consumer Protection Act. The Hon'ble Supreme Court has held as under:

"It is also apposite to observe that while deciding an application filed in such cases for condonation of delay, the Court has to keep in mind that the special period of limitation has been prescribed under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 for filing appeals and revisions in consumer matters and the object of expeditious adjudication of the consumer disputes will get defeated if this court was to entertain highly belated petitions filed against the orders of the consumer foras."

In view of above, we find no sufficient ground to condone the delay. The application for condonation of delay is accordingly dismissed. As a consequence, Revision Petition is also dismissed in limine being barred by limitation.