Panchalapalli Pichi Reddy vs The Secretary of State for India in Council and Others

This second appeal has arisen out of a suit instituted by the appellant to establish the right of the Strodhriemdars of a certain village (plaintiff and

defendants Nos. 2 to 9) and to a tenth Share of the water of a tank and to recover a certain sum, of money which the plaintiff paid under protest to

the Government as water-cess levied from him.

Two principal questions arose in the suit, one was, whether the suit was barred by limitation and the other, whether the plaintiff had made out his

right to the water as claimed by him. The District Munsif found both the points in favour of the plaintiff, but the District Judge reversed the judgment

of the District Munsif on the question of limitation and also on the merits. As regards limitation he has held that Section 59 of the Madras Revenue

Recovery Act applied to the suit. That section says: ""Nothing contained in this Act shall be held to prevent parties deeming themselves aggrieved

by any ""proceedings under this Act, except as hereinbefore provided, from applying to the Civil Courts for redress; provided that Civil Courts shall

not take cognizance of any suit instituted by such parties for any such cause of action unless such suit shall be instituted within six months from the

time at which the cause of action arose."" It is contended on behalf of the appellant that the proper period of limitation is that provided by Article 16

of the Limitation Act and that Section 59 of the Madras Revenue Recovery Act has no application. We think that this contention must prevail. In

this case there was only a demand by the Government and the appellant paid the cess demanded from him under protest. There is nothing to show

that there was any proceeding as contemplated by the Revenue Recovery Act, such as attachment of any moveable or Immovable property or

arrest of the person of the appellant. It is contended in support of the view of the learned District Judge that a mere demand would be a

proceeding within the meaning of Section 59 of the Revenue Recovery Act. We do not think that that can be the meaning. It can hardly be said

that a person is aggrieved by a mere demand. The plaintiff is aggrieved in this case by the receipt by the Government of the money to which the

Government was not entitled. The mere receipt of the money could not be said to be a proceeding. A proceeding must refer to such actions of the

Government as are mentioned in the various parts of the Act, for example, seizure of the property or of the person. The question does not appear

to have been fully discussed in any of the previous rulings. We find that, in a case reported as Suryaprakasa Row v. Secretary of State for India 13

M.L.J. 380; Section 59 of the Madras Revenue Recovery Act was applied, but Article 16 of the Limitation Act was not considered and further

there was, as a matter of fact, a proceeding taken by the Government in that case by way of distraint of the plaintiff''s property. The same

observation applies to the case reported as Orr v. Secretary of State 23 M.J 571 : 10 M.L.J. 261 : 8 Ind. Dec. (N.S.) 801. On the other hand, in

the case reported as Kattai Mahammad Meera Mohiden v. Secretary of State 13 M.L.J. 269 the period of one year''s limitation was applied to a

suit for recovery of money paid under protest : in Sankarappa Naicken v. Secretary of State for India 7 Ind. Cas. 339 : 20 M.L.J. 977 : (1910)

M.W.N. 404 : 8 M.L.T. 201 prohibition assessment was levied and the ground on which Section 59 was applied was that a preceding had

apparently been taken under the Act. If there has been no proceeding in this case within the meaning of Section 59 Revenue-Recovery Act, Article

16 of the Limitation Act would no doubt apply in terms. It applies to suits for the recovery of ""money paid under protest in satisfaction of a claim

made by the Revenue Authorities on account of arrears of revenue or on account of demands recoverable as such arrears."" Of course, if Section

59 of the Revenue Recovery Act applied, that would exclude the application of Article 16 of the Limitation Act; but as we have said there was no

proceeding in this case such as is contemplated by Section 59 of the Revenue Recovery Act. In that view we do not think it necessary to consider

whether Section 59 is not meant to be applicable only to suits ""for damages arising out of proceedings taken under the Act or whether that section

would apply to cases where no money was at all due to the Government as revenue. The finding of the District Judge is wrong on the question of

limitation and we hold that the suit is not barred.

The District Judge''s finding on the merits cannot be said to be satisfactory. He has not tried to deal with the various questions that arose in

connection with the point, nor has he met the various grounds on which the District Munsif found for the plaintiff. We reverse the judgment at the

District Judge and remand the appeal for fresh disposal on the merits. Costs will abide the result.

Second Appeal Nos. 839 to 844 of 1910 and Second Appeal Nos. 240 to 244 of 1911 will follow.