Durga Dass Aggarwal and Company vs Commissioner of Income Tax

By this application u/s 256(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as ""the Act""), the assessee, M/s. Durga Dass Aggarwal &

Co., Ludhiana, prays that the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal Chandigarh, be directed to state the case and refer the following five questions,

which, according to the assessee, arise from the appellate order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, dated February 23, 1985, in respect of its

assessment for the year 1972-73 :

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in holding that the penalty order u/s 271(1)(c) of the Income

Tax Act, 1961, passed on March 27, 1976, was within the period of limitation provided u/s 156 even if the notice of demand u/s 156, though

unsigned, was served on the assessee on December 20, 1977?

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in holding that the service of demand notice in relation to the

penalty order could be made after the limitation period prescribed u/s 275 ?

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in cancelling the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner

of Income Tax deleting the penalty on the point of limitation and allowing the appeal of the Revenue ?

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in holding that the commission paid to S/Shri Niranjan Singh and

Kartar Singh was a fictitious claim of the assessee.

Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal is right in holding that the statements of Shri Niranjan Singh and Shri

Kartar Singh were only with a view to accommodate the assessee and to build up their own capital in their respective Hindu undivided families.

Briefly stated, the facts giving rise to the present proceedings are that the assessee is a registered partnership firm. In connection with its

assessment for the assessment year 1972-73, it claimed that it had paid total commission amounting to Rs. 39,435 on sale of expeller parts. This

amount included a sum of Rs. 8,510 paid to Shri Niranjan Singh and another sum of Rs. 6,919 to Shri Kartar Singh by way of commission. Thus,

the total amount said to have been paid to these two persons amounted to Rs. 15,429. While making the assessment, the Income Tax Officer

came to the conclusion that the expenditure of Rs. 15,429 shown to have been paid by the assessee to Sarvashri Niranjan Singh and Kartar Singh

was not a genuine expenditure and that the assessee had deliberately attempted to reduce its tax liability through the claim of such commission. In

the result, the Income Tax Officer, vide his order dated March 28, 1974, made the assessment, inter alia, disallowing the expenditure of Rs.

15,429 and directed that notices under Sections 271(1)(c) and 274 of the Act for imposition of penalty be issued to the assessee. Subsequently,

after hearing the assessee and considering its explanation, the Income Tax Officer made an order u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act on March 27, 1976,

levying a penalty of Rs. 15,429. Aggrieved, the assessee went up in appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. It questioned the

imposition of penalty both on merits and on technical grounds. So far as the merits of the order were concerned, the Appellate Assistant

Commissioner held that there was sufficient material on the record to justify the action of the Income Tax Officer in levying the penalty. He,

however, concluded that even though the Income Tax Officer had made the order imposing penalty u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act on March 27, 1976,

well within the period of limitation, it stood vitiated for the reason that it, along with an unsigned demand notice, was served upon the assessee only

on December 20, 1977, after a lapse of one year and nine months. He also held that the unsigned demand notice served upon the assessee was

not enforceable and allowed the appeal with the following observations :

Since there is no positive evidence regarding service of the demand notice within the time prescribed under the Act and the service of demand

notice on December 20, 1977, having been barred by limitation and demand notice being unsigned, the penalty order of the Income Tax Officer

cannot be sustained. Therefore, the impugned penalty order of the Income Tax Officer levying a penalty of Rs. 15,429 is cancelled.

The Revenue took up the matter in appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal and questioned the correctness of the finding of the

Appellate Assistant Commissioner to the effect that the penalty order passed by the Income Tax Officer was rendered illegal for the reason that it

was not served along with a signed demand notice within the period of limitation. The assessee also filed a cross-objection and questioned the

correctness of the finding of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner upholding the view of the Income Tax Officer that on merits the Income Tax

Officer was justified in levying penalty on the assessee.

The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal by its order dated February 23, 1985, upheld the Appellate Assistant Commissioner''s decision that, in the

circumstances, a case had been made out for levying of penalty against the assessee. It concluded that in the instant case, the penalty order had

been made on March 27, 1976, well within the period of limitation prescribed therefore u/s 275 of the Act. It was merely the demand notice,

following assessment of penalty, which was served upon the assessee on December 20, 1977 (a date which fell beyond the period of limitation

prescribed by Section 275 of the Act for making the penalty order). It observed that after the penalty order had been made within the period of

limitation prescribed therefor, the demand notice in respect of it could be served even after the time limit laid down by Section 275 and concluded

that even the absence of service of a demand notice did not affect the validity of the penalty order made within limitation. In the result, it held that

the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner deleting the penalty for the reason that the demand notice had been served upon the assessee

beyond the period of limitation prescribed by Section 275, could not be sustained. It, therefore, allowed the appeal filed by the Revenue and

dismissed the cross-objection of the assessee.

Aggrieved, the assessee approached the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal by means of an application u/s 256(1) of the Act, requesting it to state

the case and refer the five questions of law mentioned in the opening portion of this judgment for the opinion of this court. The Tribunal rejected the

said application on the finding that so far as the fourth and fifth questions were concerned, they were questions of fact, which arose out of the

cross-objection filed by the assessee and not from the appellate order of the Tribunal made in the appeal filed by the Revenue. So far as the first

two questions were concerned, it opined that it was too elementary a proposition that issue of demand notice u/s 156 is a consequential action.

Requirement of law u/s 275 is only of passing the penalty order within the specified period. Accordingly, no referable question on this point arose.

Question No. 3 was merely consequential to the first two questions and the Tribunal did not consider it necessary to discuss the same any further.

In the result, the Tribunal rejected the reference application u/s 256(1) of the Act filed by the assessee.

The assessee has now invoked the jurisdiction of this court u/s 256(2) of the Act and prays that the Tribunal should be directed to state the case

and refer the abovementioned five questions of law formulated by it for the opinion of this court.

So far as the fourth and fifth questions relating to the conclusions of the Income Tax authorities regarding the assessee''s claim in respect of

commission said to have been paid to Sarvshri Niranjan Singh and Kartar Singh and as to whether the said claim was fictitious or not and whether

Sarvshri Niranjan Singh and Kartar Singh had made the statements with a view to accommodate the assessee, are concerned, they are essentially

questions of fact to be decided on the basis of material available on the record. It is, therefore, not possible for us to call upon the Tribunal to refer

the same for the opinion of this court.

So far as the first two questions are concerned, learned counsel for the assessee did not question before us the correctness of the finding

recorded by the Income Tax authorities that the penalty order dated March 27, 1976, had been made within the period of limitation prescribed

therefore u/s 275 of the Act and that it did not stand vitiated on that account. In fact, what the assessee intends to urge under the first two

questions is that a notice of demand concerning the penalty order cannot be served upon the assessee after the period of limitation mentioned in

Section 275 has expired and that the demand notice served upon the assessee long after expiry of such period cannot be enforced especially when

the same was unsigned.

The Income Tax Act, 1961, provides for an appeal against an order imposing penalty u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act. It, however, does not provide

for any appeal against the action of the Income Tax Officer in raising a demand in pursuance of the penalty order, u/s 156 of the Act. Accordingly,

any question regarding the validity of the notice of demand, following imposition of penalty u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act, could not fall within the

purview either of the appeal filed by the assessee, against the order made u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act, before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner,

or that of the second appeal disposed of by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. In these appeals, the two authorities were not directly concerned

with the validity or otherwise of the notice of demand. They were concerned merely with the validity of the order passed by the Income Tax

Officer u/s 271(1)(c). Learned counsel for the assessee failed to advance any cogent reason for justifying his submission that any defect in the

notice of demand has the effect of vitiating the penalty order. He cited before us the case of Umashankar Mishra Vs. Commissioner of Income

Tax, wherein a Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court had ruled that an unsigned notice served upon the assessee calling upon him to show

cause why penalty be not imposed upon him, is invalid. This case, in our opinion, does not touch on the question as to whether an unsigned notice,

raising a demand in pursuance of a penalty order properly passed, renders the penalty order invalid. He also placed reliance on the following

observations made by the Judicial Commissioner''s Court of Sind in the case of Khemchand Ramdas v. CIT [1934] 2 ITR 216 (headnote):

In order to be valid, a demand for super-tax should be made within a reasonable time of the assessment for Income Tax, almost simultaneously, if

not in the same notice. A demand for super-tax made more than two years after assessment to Income Tax is unreasonable and illegal.

These observations too have no bearing on the question as to whether an order made u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act is rendered invalid if the notice

of the demand in pursuance thereof is not served almost simultaneously with the making of the order. The learned judges in this case did not hold

that the delay in serving the notice of demand renders the order of assessment to super-tax invalid. They merely held that the delay renders the

demand invalid.

As already observed, any question regarding the validity of the notice of demand served upon the assessee falls outside the purview of the

appellate order made by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the second appellate order passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.

Such a question, therefore, cannot be said to arise out of the appellate order of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal and no statement of case in

respect thereof can be called for. It is, accordingly, not necessary for us to consider the question as to whether or not any delay in serving the

notice of demand after the making of the penalty order u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act renders such notice invalid. In case the assessee is aggrieved by

any proceedings initiated in pursuance of the notice of demand issued in this case, his remedy lies not in seeking a reference u/s 256 of the Act, in

connection with an order made by the Tribunal in an appeal directed against the penalty order, but elsewhere.

We are accordingly of the opinion that in so far as the real import of the first two questions regarding the validity of the notice of demand or

whether the same was barred by limitation is concerned, the same falls outside the purview of the appellate order of the Tribunal. As already

stated, learned counsel for the assessee could not give any cogent reason in support of his submission that in a case where the demand raised

following an order made u/s 271(1)(c) of the Act within the period of limitation, is defective, the order imposing the penalty is rendered invalid

having been made beyond the period of limitation. We are accordingly of the opinion that the Tribunal was quite justified in refusing to state the

case and refer those two questions for the opinion of this court. Clearly, the third question is a question which is consequential to the first two

questions and if no statement of case can be called for in respect of those two questions, no statement of case can be called for in respect of the

third question as well. The last two questions are, as already mentioned, questions of fact and no statement of the case can be called for in respect

of them.

In the result, we find no merit in this application u/s 256(2) of the Act which fails and is dismissed.