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Judgment
Ramanujam, J.—At the instance of the Revenue, the following two questions have been referred to this court for its opinion by the Income
Tax Appellate Tribunal :
I. Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal was right in holding that the assessee was not liable to capital
gains tax on the sum of Rs. 54,181 for the assessment year 1974-75 ?
Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal''s view that there was no transfer in the transaction by which
the assessee transferred its investments in discharge of its liability to the shareholders at a profit consequent on the reduction of share capital is
substantial in law ?
The assessee-company held an extraordinary general meeting on February 9, 1973, to consider and pass a special resolution for reducing its
share capital. At the meeting of the shareholders held on the said date, the following resolution was passed :
Resolved that subject to sanction by court, the paid up share capital of the company consisting of 4,515 shares of Rs. 100 each be reduced to
2,500 shares of Rs. 100 each from 1st. January, 1973, and the balance of 2,015 shared be repaid to the shareholders by way of reduction of
share capital and share C. R. Ramaswamy, chairman, be and is hereby authorised to make the necessary application to the court for reduction of
the share capital.
Thereafter, a petition under s. 101 of the Companies Act, 1956, for confirming the reduction of share capital was filed before the original side of
this court and this court by its order dated June 28, 1973, confirmed the reduction of the share capital effected by the said special resolution with
the following observation :
In view of the assurance given by the counsel for the petitioner that in the case of any of the shareholders to whom, by reason of the shareholders
to whom, by reason of the share capital, amounts have to be paid, refuse to receive in lieu of cash fully paid up shares in other companies held by
the petitioner-company as investments, the cash, it is not necessary to give individual notice to all the shareholders, and this court both order as
follows : ?
Thereafter, the Assistant Registrar of Companies, Tamil Nadu, had given the certificate of registration of the order of the High Court confirming
the reduction of capital on August 8, 1973. As Per the direction made by this court while permitting the reduction of the share capital, the
assessee-company had it her to sell the shares held by it in other companies by way of investment and pay the shareholders in cash or it may
transfer those shares to the shareholders in lieu of cash or it may amount payable to them arising from the reduction of the share capital. order of
this court sanctioning the reduction of the share capital, the company became liable to pay a sum of Rs. 2,01.500 to the shareholders. To discharge
that liability, the assessee-company had distributed its 6,316 shares in Kumbakonam Electric Supply Corporation Limited 2,314 in the
Nagapattinam Elactric supply Company Ltd. and 6,400 in the Indian Steel Rolling Mills Limited to its dhareholers. At the time of the distribution of
the shares to the shareholders to disits liability in a sum of Rs. 2,01,500 the assessee revalued those shares and the adjustment was made in
accordance with the side revaluation. It was found that the assessee itself in its balance-sheet as on December 31, 1973, has found the difference
between the book value of the said shared and their revalue (market value) to be Rs. 56,414 and this amount this amount has been shown in the
balance-sheet as a capital reserve arising on the revaluation of the investment at market value as on August 16, 1973, as per Schedule ""B"". In
Schedule ""B"", a copy of which was attached to the balance-sheet, the investments of the assessee-company by way of fully paid ordinary shares in
the aforesaid companies had been revalued at market value as on August 16, 1973, and the difference between their book value and the market
value was shown as on August 16, 1973, of the shares and the market value was shown as Rs. 56,414. Treating the difference between the
market value, the Commissioner exercising his revisional powers ""Capital gains"" on the ground that the ITO has omitted to assess the said sum
under the aforesaid head arising out of the appreciation of the value of the shares held by the assessee-company which were transferred to the
shareholders during the year of account. The Commissioner, therefore, directed the assessing authority to bring to tax capital gains of Rs. 54,181.
In pursuance of the said direction, the ITO brought to charge the sum of Rs. 54.181 under capital gains.
The assessee took the matter in appeal to the Tribunal contending that as there has been no transfer at all of the shares, there is no question of
capital gains and that the Commissioner was not correct in having brought the sum of Rs. 54,181 to tax as capital gains. Commissioner of Income
Tax, Madras Vs. Madurai Mills Co. Ltd., and the decision in Commissioner of Income Tax, Gujarat II Vs. R.M. Amin. (Legal representative of
the Late Chunibai Amin), . The Tribunal in its order proceeded to consider whether there was any transfer of shares by the company to its
shareholders and ultimately to its shareholders and as such there is no liability to pay tax on the sum of Rs. 54,181 on the part of the assessee.
Aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal, the Revenue has come up before us by way of this reference.
After due consideration of the matter, we are of the view that on the facts and circumstances of this case, the so-called distribution by the
assessee company of its shares to the shares to the reduction in share capital will clearly by assessee company of its shares to discharge its liability
of Rs. 2,01,500 arisings out of the share capital will clearly amount to a transfer and we are not in position to agree with the Tribunal that there is
no transfer involved in the distribution of shares by the assessee-company to the shareholders. Admittedly, in the Kumbaknonam Electric Supply
Corporation Limited, the Nagapatnam Electric Supply Company limited and Indian Steel Rolling Mills Limited. To discharge the assessee
company of its shares to the reduction in share capital will clearly amount to a transfer and we are not in a position to agree with the Tribunal that
there is no transfer involved in the distribution of shares by the assessee-company to the shareholders. Admittedly, the assessee-company has
owned the shares by of investment the Kumbakjonam Electric Supply Corporation Limited, the Nagaptnam Electric Supply Company Limited and
the Indian Steel Rolling Mills limited. To discharge the assessee''s liability to its shareholders in a sum of Rs. 2,01,500 arising out of the reduction of
the share capital, the assessee had effected the so-called distribution of shares to the shareholder and the book value of the shares to the found
from the assessee'' had effected the so-called distribution of shares to the shareholders and the shares so distributed has been found from the
assessee own records to be Rs. 1,47,100 only and the difference between Rs. 2,01,281 (after deducting the sum of Rs. 219 paid in cash from Rs.
2,01,500) and the book value of the shares transferred, Rs. 1,47,100 has been taken as the capital gains by the Commissioner in this cases.
Though the Tribunal has used the expression ""distribution"" when it refers to the mode by which the mode by which the ownership of the shares had
been transferred from the assessee-company to its shareholders. the nature of the so-called distribution is nothing but a transfer. Admittedly, the
shares were held by the assessee-company and the shareholders had no other interest in those shares except as shareholders of the assessee-
company. After the so-called distribution made by the company for discharging a liability of Rs. 2,01,281 out of the total liability of Rs. 2,01,500,
the shareholders came to own the shares distributed. Thus, the ownership of the shares had been transferred by the assessee to the shareholders
for a consideration and we do not see how the transaction cannot be taken to be a transfer.
It cannot be disputed that any transaction under which the ownership or right to a property is transferred from one person to another for
consideration, the transaction can only be taken to be a transfer by way of a sale. Therefore, on the materials on record, the Tribunal is not right in
holding that there was no transfer at all from the assessee-company to the shareholders and, therefore, there is no question of any capital gains
accruing to the company.
Mr. Ramamani, the learned counsel appearing for the assessee, is not in a position to support the order of the Tribunal when it says there is no
transfer of shares at all from the assessee-company to the shareholders. However, he seeks to justify the ultimate conclusion of the Tribunal that no
capital gains have arisen from the transaction by contending that in this case there is only transfer of share at the book value. and there is no
question of those shares being transferred at the market value and only if the shares had been transferred at the market value. According to the
learned counsel for the assessee, the shareholders took the shares at the book value by forgoing a portion of the amount due to them arising as a
result of the reduction of the share capital and so long as the shareholders are willing to accept certain shares at the book value in lieu of the
amount of Rs. 2,10,281 due to them, the transaction will not attract the levy of capital gain tax, for, there has been no actual transfer of the shares
at the market value. However, on the facts of this case a in a position to accept this contention advanced by the learned counted counsel for the
assessee that there was transfer of shares by the learned counsel for the assessee that there was transfer of shares from the company to its
shareholders at the book value and the shareholders were willing to accept shares of the book value of Rs. 1,47,100 as against the amount of Rs.
201,281 due to them. Two factors are present in this case which militate against the said contention put forward by the learned counsel for the
learned counsel for the assessee. One is that there is no material on record to show that the shareholders agreed to take shares of the of the book
value of Rs. 1,47,100 as against the sum of Rs. 2,01,281 and to forgo the difference. The other factor is that the shareholders agreed to take
shares of the book value of Rs 1,47,100 as against the sum of Rs. 2,01,281 and to forgo the difference. The other is that assessee itself has
revalued the shares before its actual transfer of the shares to the shareholder and as per the revaluation, the shares transferred are said to be of the
market value of Rs. 2,01.281. In fact, the assessee in its balance-sheet as on December 31, 1973, had shown the difference between the book
value of the shares and their market value at Rs. 54,181 and it has shown this amount under the head ""Capital reserve"". Thus the assessee''s own
records make it clear that the assessee, before it effected the transfer of share to the shareholders, took the market value of the shares into account
and transferred shared whose market value is Rs. 2,01,281 to the shareholers but whose book value was only Rs. 1,47,100. Thus the entries
made by the assessee in to discharge its liability of Rs. 2,01,281 and the book value of the shares so transferred was only Rs. 1,47,100. Thus the
entries made by the assessee in its book account make it clear that the assessee transferred its shares to discharge its liability Rs. 1,47,100. to
discharge a liability of Rs. 2,01,181, which means, the assessee had transferred shares whose book value was Rs. 1,4,100 for a value of Rs.
2,01,281. Thus it is clear that by transfer of shares by the company to its shareholders, the assessee has realised a sum of Rs. 54,161 over and
above the book value and this has rightly been treated as capital gains arising out of the transfer of shares.
As already stated, the Tribunal having held that the transaction does not amount to a transfer of shares by the company to its shareholders,
proceeded to deal with the other questions such as whether there was a relinquishment or release by the shareholders and other like questions.
However, as we have held that the transaction amounts to a transfer and that the transfer attracts the provision relating to capital gains, it is
unnecessary for us to deal with the other questions which have been dealt with by the Tribunal has in its order. Yet we would like to touch on one
aspect. The Tribunal has referred to the decision in Commissioner of Income Tax, Madras Vs. Madurai Mills Co. Ltd., and Commissioner of
Income Tax, Gujarat II Vs. R.M. Amin. (Legal representative of the Late Chunibai Amin), , in support of its view. But these are cases which arose
at the stage of the winding up of the company and the distribution of assets among the shareholders at that stage. The principle applicable to cases
of distribution of assets at the stage of winding up may not apply to a case like the present one where as a result of the reduction of the share
capital, the company becomes liable to pay the shareholders certain sums and to discharge that liability some property belonging to the company,
which is a going concern, is transferred to the shareholders.
We have to, therefore, answer the questions referred in the negative and in favour of the Revenue. The Revenue will get the costs from the
assessee. Counsel''s fees Rs. 500 (one set).