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Judgment
,,,
S. Ravindra Bhat, J",,,
The question of law framed for this appeal â€" on 09.10.2009 is as follows:,,,
“1. Whether ITAT was correct in law in holding that the notice issued by the Assessing Officer u/s 148 of the Act beyond the 04 years,,,
after the end of relevant assessment year was bad in law as the necessary approval of Chief Commissioner or Commissioner of Income Tax,,,
as per the provisions of Section 151 (1) of the Act had not been obtained by the Assessing Officer?â€,,,
The facts in brief are:,,,
The assessee’s return declared a loss, filed on 25.11.1997 was processed under Section 143(1); later a scrutiny assessment was completed on",,,
30.03.2000 at a loss of `29,94,053/-.",,,
A notice was issued under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereafter referred to as “the Actâ€) on 26.03.2003 leading to re-assessment.",,,
After rejecting the assessee’s challenge to the re-opening, the AO proceeded to complete the re-assessment and added back substantial amounts",,,
under Section 68 of the Act (to the tune of `2,71,62,000/-) and completed the assessment. The CIT(A) affirmed the order of the Assessing Officer.",,,
The assessee appealed contending that the issuance of notice under Section 148 of the Act, was without jurisdiction as the concerned Assessing",,,
Officer (the Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax) proceeded to re-open the assessment without the sanction of the Commissioner of Income Tax, as",,,
required by Section 151(1). This contention found approval by the ITAT. The ITAT relied upon the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in East India,,,
Hotels Ltd. v. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax (1993) 204 ITR 435. Reliance was also placed upon the judgment of the Allahabad High Court in,,,
Dr. Shashi Kant Garg v. Commissioner of Income Tax (2006) 285 ITR 158. Following the ratio in the judgments of the two High Courts, the ITAT",,,
allowed the assessee’s appeal.,,,
Counsel for the Revenue relies upon various amendments effected to Section 151 of the Act â€" through the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act,",,,
1987 (with effect from 01.04.1989); Finance Act, 1990 (with effect from 01.04.1990); and Finance (No.2) Act, 1998 (with effect from 01.10.1998). It",,,
is pointed out that before the 1989 amendment, the structure of the provision (Section 151 of the Act) was entirely different. It was also the Board",,,
which could grant approval to any Assessing Officer, as a condition precedent for issuance of notice in the event of expiry of 8 years from the end of",,,
the relevant assessment year. In other cases, after 4 years of such expiry, the Chief Commissioner or Commissioner had to be satisfied that the",,,
reasons of the AO, were justified. With the 1989 amendment, urged counsel for the Revenue, the position changed and notices could be issued by",,,
Assessing Officers of the rank of Assistant Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner, suo moto, without the approval of a higher official provided it",,,
was within the period of four years from the end of the assessment year. It was urged that in cases of assessments completed by Assistant,,,
Commissioners/Deputy Commissioners, there was no need for obtaining approval of the Chief Commissioner/Commissioner. Emphasis was placed",,,
upon the expressions “no such notice†and “Assessing Officer aforesaid†to say that it was only in the event of completed assessments by,,,
AOs, below the rank of Deputy Commissioner/Assistant Commissioner that sanction or approval was necessary. It was submitted that this statutory",,,
position remained more or less unchanged except that in the case of Section 151(1), after the amendment of 1998 [Finance (No. 2) Act of 1998 with",,,
effect from 01.10.1998] approval of the Joint Commissioner was necessary, wherever completed assessments were made by officers below the rank",,,
of Assistant Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner.,,,
Mr. Raghvendra Singh, learned counsel who argued for the Revenue submitted that the interpretation placed by the Calcutta High Court in East",,,
India Hotels Ltd. (supra) renders the two expressions concurrent in the proviso and virtually results in the proviso becoming an independent sub-,,,
section or provision by itself, beyond the Parliamentary contemplation.",,,
Dr. Rakesh Gupta, learned counsel who appeared on behalf of the assessee urged that the view of the Calcutta High Court is sound and does not",,,
require to be dissented from. He relied upon Section 2(7A) and highlighted that the changes which occurred in the definition of “Assessing,,,
Officer†led to inclusion of Joint Commissioner as one of the assessing authorities only with effect from 1998. However, as far as the approval in the",,,
case of completed scrutiny assessments, which needed to be beyond the period of 4 years was concerned, there could be no quarrel with the",,,
proposition, the plain manner of the proviso [Section 151(1)] was that in the event the Joint Commissioner completed the assessment, no approval was",,,
essential but in all other cases approval was essential. Learned counsel also highlighted that in other cases i.e. where assessments were merely,,,
framed under Section 153(1), the Parliamentary intent was to ensure that the approval of the higher authorities was always necessary, by reason of",,,
Section 151(2). The Calcutta High Court after noticing, the provision which existed when it decided the case (i.e. on 13.02.1992), in relation to notice",,,
issued on 13.08.1991) observed as follows:,,,
“.............. Therefore, the satisfaction of the Chief Commissioner or the Commissioner is a sine qua non before issuance of a notice under",,,
section 148 by the Assessing Officer. The Assessing Officer may be of the rank of an Income-tax officer or the Astt. Commissioner or the Dy.,,,
Commissioner, but when such notice is to be issued after the expiry of four years after the end of the relevant assessment year, the sanction",,,
of the Chief Commissioner or the Commissioner is a pre-condition.,,,
In that view of the matter, I am of the view that the notice issued under section 148 of the Income-tax Act beyond four years after the end of",,,
the relevant assessment year is bad in law inasmuch as the sanction of the Chief Commissioner or the Commissioner was not obtained before,,,
issuance of the notice.â€,,,
The changes brought about by the amendments, particularly, the amendment brought into force with effect from 01.04.1989, constituted the subject",,,
matter of Board’s circular, issued on 31.10.1989. The relevant extract of that circular reads as follows:",,,
“7.10. For the same reasons as discussed in para 7.7 ante, the Amending Act, 1987 has substituted a new section 151, which contains",,,
substantially changed provisions. The issuing or sanctioning authorities will now depend upon whether the case is a scrutiny case [i.e.,",,,
where an assessment order has been passed under section 143(3) or section 147] or non-scrutiny case, and also the period after which the",,,
case is being opened or re-opened. Thus, a scrutiny assessment will not be re-opened by an Assessing Officer of the rank below the rank of",,,
an Assistant Commissioner. After the expiry of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year, a scrutiny assessment can be re-opened",,,
only with the approval of the Chief Commissioner or Commissioner. A non-scrutiny case can be opened or re-opened by any Assessing,,,
Officer and after the expiry of 4 years from the end of the relevant assessment year it can be opened or re-opened with the approval of the,,,
Deputy Commissioner. However, where the Assessing Officer is the Deputy Commissioner himself, no sanction of the higher authority will be",,,
necessary for opening or re-opening a non-scrutiny case.,,,
7.11 The new provisions of Section 149(1) regarding time limits and section 151 regarding issuing and sanctioning authorities for the issue,,,
Sl. No.,Upto 4 years,"Beyond 4 years but upto
7 year","Beyond 7 years but upto
10 years
1,2,3,4
1.Scrutiny cases {i.e.,
where an assessment
order has been passed
under section 143(3) or
147}","Assessment can be
reopened only by an
Assessing Officer of the
rank of an Assistant
Commissioner or Deputy
Commissioner
(ii) Assessment can be
reopened whatever be
the amount of income
which has escaped
assessment","(i)Same as (1) in Col.(2)
(ii) Assessment can be
reopened only if the
income which has
escaped assessment is
Rs. 50,000 or more for
that year
(iii) Assessment can be
reopened only with the
approval of the Chief
Commissioner or
Commissioner","(i)Same as (1) Col.(2)
(ii) Assessment can be
reopened only if the
income which has
escaped assessment is
Rs. 1 lakh or more for
that year.
(iii) Same as
(iii) in Col. (3).
2 . Nonscrutiny cases
{i.e. where no
assessment order has
been passed under
section 143(3) or 147}","(i)Any Assessing Officer
can reopen an
assessment himself.
(ii) Assessment can be
reopened whatever be
the amount of income
which has escaped
assessment.","(i)Same as (i) in Col.(2).
(ii)Assessment can be
reopened only if the
income which has
escaped assessment is
Rs. 25,000 or more for
that year.
(iii)Assessment can be
reopened by Assessing
Officer below the rank
of Deputy Commissioner
only with the approval
of the Deputy
Commissioner.","(i)Same as (i) in Col.(2)
(ii)Assessment can be
reopened only if the
income which has
escaped assessment is
Rs. 50,000 or more for
that year.
(iii) Same as (i) in Col.
(3).