Amit Roshan Suryavanshi vs State Of M.P. And Others

The petitioner has challenged the order dated 22.9.2015 Annexure P/5 in the present case whereby petitioner’s claim for compassionate

appointment was rejected on the ground that in view of his character antecedents, it will not be proper to grant him compassionate appointment.

Criticizing this order, learned counsel for the petitioner submits that petitioner was exonerated by the criminal court. In view of findings given by the

competent criminal court, the petitioner cannot be declared as unsuitable.

Prayer is opposed by other side by contending that the aspect of suitability is to be judged by the employer. The petitioner's exoneration is either of

“benefit of doubtâ€​ or based on compromise Annexure R/1 and R/2. For these reasons also, no fault can be found in the impugned order.

No other point is pressed by the learned counsel for the parties.

I have heard the learned counsel for the parties at length and perused the record.

Admittedly, petitioner’s exoneration from two criminal cases is based on compromise and on benefit of doubt. The “eligibility†and

“suitability†are two different things. This court after considering recent Full Bench judgment passed in WP No.5865/2016 (Ashutosh Pawar vs.

High Court of M.P.) opined that scope of interference on the aspect of suitability is very limited. The relevant portion reads as under:

Before dealing with rival contentions, it is apposite to reproduce Para 38.3 and 38.7 of the judgment of Avtar Singh on which heavy reliance is

placed by Shri Vipin Yadav, which read as under:-

“38.3 The employer shall take into consideration the government orders/instructions/rules, applicable to the employee, at the time of taking the

decision.

38.7 In a case of deliberate suppression of fact with respect to multiple pending cases such false information by itself will assume significance and an

employer may pass appropriate order cancelling candidature or terminating services as appointment of a person against whom multiple criminal cases

were pending may not be proper.â€​

Interestingly, Shri Agrawal placed reliance on Para 38.6 of the same judgment. He also placed reliance on Para 36 of this judgment, which reads as

under:-

“36. What yardstick is to be applied has to depend upon the nature of post, higher post would involve more rigorous criteria for all services, not only

to uniformed service. For lower posts which are not sensitive, nature of duties, impact of suppression on suitability has to be considered by concerned

authorities considering post/nature of duties/services and power has to be exercised on due consideration of various aspects.â€​

Rule 6 of Rules of 1961 reads as under:“6. Disqualifications.-.

(1) No male candidate who has more than one wifeliving and no female candidate who has married a person having already a wife living shall be

eligible for appointment to any service or post : Provided that the Government may, if satisfied that there are special grounds for doing so, . exempt

any such candidate from the operation of this rule.

(2) No candidate shall be' appointed to a serviCeor postunless he has been found, after such medical examination as may be prescribed, to be in good

mental and bodily health and free from any mental or bodfIy defect likely to interfere~.with the• discharge of the duties of the service or post:

Provided that in exceptional cases a candidate may be appointed provisionally to a service or post before his medical examination, subject to .the

condition that the appointment is liable to be terminated forthwith if he is 'found medically unfit.

(3) No candidate shall be eligible for appointment to aservice or post if, after such enquiry as may be considered necessary, the appointing authority is

satisfied that he is not suitable in any respect for the service or post.

*(4)No candidate shall be eligible for appointment to a service or post who' has been. convicted of an offence against women : Provided that where

such cases are pending in a court against a. candidate his -case of appointment shall be kept pending till thefinal decision of the Criminal Case.â€​

Rule 8(3)(a) of the Rules of 2015 reads as under:-

“8 (3)(a) A candidate convicted for any crime against woman will not be eligible for any service or appointment to any post:

Provided that where such cases are pending in a court of law against any candidate, the matter of appointment of such candidate shall be kept pending

till the final decision of criminal proceedings.â€​

                          (Emphasis supplied)

The argument of Shri Yadav, in nutshell, is that the employer has no unfettered discretion in deciding the question of eligibility/suitability of a

candidate. Once the rules are laid down, the employer has to examine the aspect of suitability in the light of said rules. The argument appears to be

attractive. Douglas J. in the United States vs. Wunderlich 96 L Ed 113 opined that “law has reached its finest moments when it has freed man

from the unlimited discretion of some ruler………. Where discretion is absolute, man has always suffered.†It is in this sense that the rule of law

may be said to be the sworn enemy of caprice.

Discretion, as Lord Mansfield stated it in classic terms in R vs. Wilkes 98 All ER Rep 570 means sound discretion guided by law. It must be governed

by rule, not by humour; it must not be arbitrary, vague and fanciful.†The Apex Court considered the aforesaid judgments of other jurisdiction with

profit in (2012) 10 SCC 1 (Natural Resources Allocation, In Re. Special Reference). Thus, spinal issue in the present case is whether the respondents

have misused their discretion or such exercise of discretion is capricious or contrary to law. Sub rule 3 of Rule 6 of Rules of 1961 gives ample power

to the Appointing/Competent Authority to examine the aspect of suitability of an employee. The said provision, in no uncertain terms makes it clear

that if Appointing Authority is satisfied that a candidate is not suitable in any respect for service or post, he can take appropriate decision in this

regard. In the impugned order although enabling provision of the Rules of 1961 were not quoted, the power of said authority can be traced from Sub-

rule 3 of Rule 6 of Rules of 1961. The question of suitability can be gone into by the Competent Authority in the teeth of Sub-rule 3 of Rule 6. This is

trite law that wrong quoting of provision or not mentioning of provision will not denude the authority from taking a decision or passing an order, if

source of power can be traced from an enabling provision/statute. Thus, the argument of Shri Yadav that there is no mention of Rules of 1961 in the

impugned order will not improve the case of the petitioner. In the considered opinion of this Court, the employer has acted on due consideration of

rules. In Avtar Singh (supra), it was poignantly held that for deciding the suitability what yardstick is to be applied depends upon the nature of post,

higher post would involve more rigorous criteria. The suitability of candidate has to be considered by authorities concerned considering post/nature of

duties and power has to be exercised on due consideration of various aspects. Every eventuality cannot be reduced in writing in any judgment. Thus, it

was left open to the discretion of the Appointing Authority to decide whether a candidate is suitable for appointment. Indisputably, petitioner was

selected for a sensitive post and facing criminal cases which are not of trivial nature. In this backdrop, it cannot be said that the respondents have

either misused their discretion or acted contrary of the rules. Rule 8(3)(a) deals with crime against women. In such cases only the candidature was

decided to be kept alive till conclusion of proceedings. There is no such allegation against the petitioner in aforesaid crime numbers. Thus, said rules of

Rules of 2015 have no application in the present case.

The “suitability†cannot be confused with eligibilityâ€. In the ‘Major Law Laxicon’ by P. Ramanatha Iyer about the word following view is

expressed-â€the word ‘suitable’ does not require a definition because any man of experience would know who is suitable. However, each case

has to be viewed in the context in which the word “suitability†or “suitable†is used, the object of the enactment and the purpose sought to be

achieved.†A constitution Bench of Supreme Court in State of J & K vs. Trilokinath Khosa (1974) 1 SCC 19 and another Bench in State of Orissa

vs. N.N. Swami (1977) 2 SCC 508 opined that eligibility must not be confused with the suitability of the candidate for appointment. These judgments

were considered by Calcutta High Court in 2013 SCC Online 22909 (All b. Ed. Degree Holders Welfare Association vs. State of West Bengal ). In

(2009) 8 SCC 273 (Mahesh Chandra Gupta vs. Union of India) it was again held that suitability of a recommendee and the consultation are not subject

to judicial review but the issue of lack of eligibility or an effective consultation can be scrutinized.. The Supreme Court in (2014) 11 SCC 547 (High

Court of Madras vs. R. Gandhi) while dealing with appointment on a constitutional post opined that ‘eligibility’ is an objective factor. When

‘eligibility’ is put in question, it could fall within the scope of judicial review. The aspect of ‘suitability’ stands excluded from the purview

of judicial review. At the cost of repetition, the Apex Court opined that ‘eligibility’ is a matter of fact whereas ‘suitability’ is a matter of

opinion. In this view of the matter, when Competent Authority has examined the suitability in the teeth of relevant enabling provision i.e. Rule 6 (3) of

Rules of 1961, interference is totally unwarranted.

The scope of judicial review of a matter of this nature is limited. The decision making process is subject matter of judicial review and not the

decision itself. A Full Bench of this Court in a recent judgment passed in WP. No.5865/16 (Ashutosh Pawar vs. High Court of M.P. & Another)

considered a catena of judgments of Supreme Court and came to hold that High Court in exercise of power under Article 226 of the Constitution can

only examine the decision making process and cannot step into the shoes of the Competent Authority in relation to a final decision.

This is trite law that administrative action is stated to be referable to broad area of Governmental activities in which the repositories of power may

exercise every class of statutory function of executive, quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial nature. The scope of judicial review of administrative orders

is rather limited. The consideration is limited to the legality of decision-making process and not legality of the order per se. The test is to see whether

there is any infirmity in the decision making process and not in the decision itself. Mere possibility of another view cannot be ground for interference.

To characterize a decision of the administrator as ``irrational'' the Court has to hold, on material, that it is a decision ``so outrageous'' as to be in total

defiance of logic or moral standards. Adoption of ""proportionality"" into administrative law was left for the future. [See (2005) 5 SCC 181 (State of

NCT vs. Sanjeev)] Â

The same view was taken by the Supreme Court in (2002) 3 SCC 496 (Haryana Financial Corporation & Anr. vs. Jagdamba Oil Mills & Anr.). In

(2008) 7 SCC 580 (State of Meghalaya & Ors. vs. Mecken Singh N. Marak), it was laid down that when a statute gives discretion to the

Administrator to take decision, scope of judicial review would remain limited. The scope of judicial review is limited to the deficiency in decision

making process and not the decision of Administrator. [See (2006) 2 SCC 1 & 165 (Rameshwar Prasad vs. Union of India), (2004) 4 SCC 714 (State

of U.P. vs. Johri Lal), (2004) 11 SCC 213 & 218 (Delhi Development Authority vs. UEE Electricals Engg. (P) Ltd., (2005) 10 SCC 84 &95 (Damoh

Sagar Panna Rural Regional Bank vs. Munna Lal Jain), (2005) 5 SCC 181 (State of NCT of Delhi vs. Sanjeev) and (2006) 8 SCC 200 (Jayrajbhai

Jayantibhai Patel vs. Anilbhai Nathubhai Patel)]

In (2006) 8 SCC 590 (Muni Suvrat Swami Jain SMP Sangh vs. Arun Nathuram Gaikwad & Ors.), it was poignantly held that the High Court

cannot impede the exercise of discretion by the statutory authority by issuance of a mandatory order.

In the considered opinion of this Court, the respondents have taken a plausible decision regarding suitability of petitioner by taking into account the

relevant factors namely criminal cases, nature of duties and power attached to the post. The said discretion exercised is founded upon enabling

provision ingrained in Rule 6 of Rules of 1961. I am unable to hold that such exercise of power and impugned order is arbitrary or capricious in nature.

This plausible view taken by the respondents does not require any interference by this Court.â€​

In view of aforesaid legal position, I am unable to hold that employer has committed any error of law in rejecting the candidature of the petitioner on

the ground of suitability.

Petition sans substance and is hereby dismissed.